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The history of the colonial period of South Carolina focuses on the English colonization that created one of the urban dictionary rbc Thirteen Colonies. Major settlement began after as the northern half of the British colony of Carolina attracted frontiersmen from Pennsylvania and Virginia, while the southern parts were populated by wealthy English people who set up large plantations dependent on slave labor, for the cultivation of cotton, rice, and indigo.

South Carolina's capital city of Charleston became a major port for traffic on the Atlantic Ocean, and South Carolina developed indigo, rice and Sea Island cotton as commodity crop exports, making it is south carolina a country or state of the most prosperous of the colonies. A strong colonial government fought wars with the local Indians, and with Spanish imperial outposts in Florida, while fending off the threat of pirates. Birth rates were high, food was abundant, and these offset the disease environment of malaria to produce rapid population growth among whites.

With the expansion of plantation agriculture, is south carolina a country or state colony imported numerous African slaves, who comprised a majority of the population by They is south carolina a country or state integral to its development.

The colony developed a system of laws and self-government and a growing commitment to Republicanismwhich patriots feared was threatened by the British Empire after At the same time, men with close commercial and political ties to Great Britain tended to be Loyalists when the revolution broke is south carolina a country or state.

South Carolina joined the American Revolution inbut was bitterly divided between Patriots and Loyalists. The British invaded in and captured is south carolina a country or state of the state, but were finally driven out.

It enslaved Native Americans. Most died on the return trip to Santo Domingo. The rest were divided among investors in the expedition and crew, and died soon after arriving. There the expedition recorded being received by a female chief Cofitachequiwho gave her tribe's pearls, food and other goods to the Spanish soldiers.

The Spanish settled it as Santa Elena in — InCharles I of England granted his attorney general a charter to everything between latitudes 36 and Later, inCharles II of England granted the land to eight Lords Is south carolina a country or state in return for their financial and political assistance in restoring him to the throne in The two men were chiefly responsible for developing the Grand Model for the Province of Carolinawhich included the Fundamental Constitutions of Carolina.

The newly created province was intended in part to serve as an English bulwark нажмите чтобы прочитать больше contest lands xtate by Spanish /717.txt. Byseven of the eight Lords Proprietors had sold their interests back to the Crown; the separate royal colonies of North Carolina and South Carolina were established. Throughout the Is south carolina a country or state Periodthe Carolinas participated in numerous wars with the Spanish and the Native Americans carokina, particularly the YamaseeApalacheeand Cherokee.

An indigenous alliance had formed to try to push the colonists out, in part as a reaction to their trade in Native American slaves for the nearly 50 years since farolina The effects of the slave trade affected tribes throughout the Southeast.

Estimates are that Carolinians exported 24, slaves to markets from Boston to Barbados. The emerging planter class used the revenues to finance the purchase of enslaved Africans and financing of indentured servants. So many Africans were imported that they comprised a majority of the population in the colony from through the American Revolution. Living and working together on large plantations, they developed what is known as the Gullah culture and creole languagemaintaining many west African traditions of various cultures, while adapting to the new environment.

The Black population of the Lowcountry was dominated by wealthy planters of English descent and indentured servants from southern and western England. The interior Carolina upcountry was settled later, largely in the 18th century by Ulster Scots immigrants arriving via Pennsylvania and VirginiaGerman Calvinists, French Huguenot refugees in the Piedmont and foothills as well as by working class English indentured servants who moved inland after completing their terms ссылка service working on coastal plantations.

Toward the end of carooina Colonial Period, the upcountry people were underrepresented politically and felt they were mistreated by the planter elite. In reaction, many took a Loyalist position when the Lowcountry planters complained of the new taxes, an issue that later contributed to the colony's support of the American Revolution. A ship was sent southward to explore the Port Royal, South Carolina area, where the French had established the short-lived Charlesfort post and the Spanish had built Santa Elenathe capital of Spanish Florida from tountil it was abandoned.

Captain Robert Sanford made a visit with the friendly Couuntry Indians. When the ship departed to return to Cape FearDr. Henry Woodward stayed behind to study the interior and native Indians. On March 15,under Sayle who sailed on a Bermuda sloop with a number of Bermudian families is south carolina a country or state, they finally reached Port Royal.

According to the account of one passenger, the Indians were friendly, made signs toward where they should land, and spoke broken Spanish. Spain still considered Carolina to be its land; the main Spanish base, St. Augustinewas not far away. Although the Edisto Indians were not happy to have the English settle permanently, the chief of the Kiawah Indians читать далее, who lived farther north along the coast, arrived to invite the English to settle among his people is south carolina a country or state protect them from the Westo tribe, slave-raiding allies of Virginia.

The sailors agreed and sailed for the region now called West Ashley. When they landed in early April at Albemarle Point on the shores of the Ashley Riverthey founded Charles Townnamed in honor of their king. Catherines Islandand had run into Indians allied with the Spanish. Of the как сообщается здесь of people who had sailed from England or Barbados, only people, including three African slaves, lived to arrive at Charles Town Landing.

The Province of Carolina was founded in mainly by planters from the overpopulated English sugar island of Barbadoswho brought relatively large numbers of African slaves from that island to establish new plantations.

To meet agricultural labor needs, colonists also practiced Indian slavery for some time. The Carolinians transformed the Indian slave trade during the late 17th and early 18th centuries by treating such slaves as a trade commodity to be exported, mainly to the West Indies. Historian Alan Gallay estimates that between andbetween 24, and 51, captive Native Americans were exported from South Carolina—much more than the number of Africans imported to the colonies of the future United States during the same period.

Proprietary rule was unpopular in South Carolina almost from the start, acrolina because coumtry immigrants to the colony hoped to monopolize the Fundamental Constitutions of Carolina as a basis for government. Moreover, many Anglicans resented the Proprietors' guarantee of freedom of religion to Dissenters. In NovemberCarolina elected James Moore as governor and sent a representative ls ask the King to make Carolina a royal province with a royal governor. They wanted the Crown to grant the colony aid and security directly from the English government.

Because the Crown was interested in Carolina's exports and did not think the Lords Proprietor were adequately protecting the colony, it agreed. Robert Johnsonthe last proprietary governor, became the first royal governor. Meanwhile, the colony of Carolina was slowly splitting in two. In the first fifty years of the colony's existence, most settlement was focused on the region around Charleston, as the northern part of the colony had no deep water port.

North Carolina's earliest settlement region, the Ix Settlementswas colonized by Virginians and closely tied to Virginia. Inthe northern half of Carolina was granted its own governor and named "North Carolina".

North Carolina remained under proprietary rule until Because South Carolina was more populous and more commercially important, most Europeans thought primarily of it, and not of North Carolina, when they referred to "Carolina". By the time of the American Revolution, this iss was known as "South Carolina. Governor Robert Johnson encouraged settlement in the western frontier to make Countrg Town's shipping more profitable, is south carolina a country or state to create a buffer zone against attacks.

The Carolinians arranged a fund to lure European Protestants. Each family would receive free crolina based on the number of people carolona it brought over, including indentured servants and slaves. Every families settling together would be declared a parish and is south carolina a country or state two representatives in the state assembly.

Within ten years, eight townships formed, all along navigable streams. Charlestonians considered the towns created by the HuguenotsGerman CalvinistsScotsUlster-Scots Presbyterians, working class English laborers who were former indentured servants as well as Welsh farmers, such as Orangeburg and Saxe-Gotha later called Cayceto be their first line of defense in case of an Indian attack, and military reserves against the threat of a slave uprising.

Between andtwenty-nine new towns were founded in South Carolina. By the s the Piedmont region attracted numerous frontier families from the north, using the Great Wagon Road. There were large numbers of Welsh farmers who moved to the region between and These were mainly religious migrants, they left Cafolina because they were dissenting Calvinist Baptists who faced pressure back home in Wales to convert to the Anglican faith.

Differences in religion, philosophy and background between the mostly subsistence farmers in the Upcountry and the slaveholding planters of the Low Country bred distrust and hostility carolija the two regions. The Low Country planters traditionally had wealth, education and political power. By the time of the Revolution, however, the Upcountry contained nearly half the white population of South Carolina, about 30, settlers.

Carllina all of them were Dissenting Protestants. After the Revolution, the state legislature disestablished the Anglican Church. The main source of wealth during the late-colonial period was the export of rice, deerskins and, by the s, ot. Sea Island cotton, produced on large plantations off the coast, was also highly profitable. Although Governor Francis Nicholson attempted to pacify the Cherokee with gifts, they had grown discontented with the arrangements.

Sir Alexander Cuming negotiated with them to open some land for settlement in Because Перейти на страницу James Glen stepped in to bring peace between the Creek people and Cherokee, who were siuth enemies, the Cherokee rewarded him by granting South Carolina a few thousand acres of land near their major Lower Town carolinw Keowee. Old Hop gave the Carolinians the 96th District, a region that included parts of ten currently separate counties.

From toCherokee warriors served pp juice in campaigns along the Virginia and Pennsylvania frontier. Returning homeward, they were killed by Virginia frontiersmen. Inthe Cherokee avenged these killings and began attacking white settlers in the southern is south carolina a country or state Upcountry.

South Carolina's Governor William Henry Lyttelton raised an army of 1, men and marched on the Lower Towns, which quickly agreed to peace. As part of the peace terms, two dozen Cherokee chiefs were imprisoned as hostages in Fort Prince George.

Lyttelton returned to Charles Town, but the Cherokee continued raiding the frontier. In the battle, the fort's commander was killed. His replacement quickly ordered the execution of the hostages, then fought off the Cherokee assault.

Unable to put down the rebellion, Governor Lyttelton appealed to Jeffrey Amherstwho sent Archibald Montgomery is myrtle beach in charleston south carolina an army of 1, British regulars and Scots Highlanders. Montgomery's army burned a few of the Cherokees' abandoned Is south carolina a country or state Towns.

When he tried to cross into the region of the Cherokee Middle Towns, he was ambushed and defeated at "Etchoe Pass" and forced to return to Charles Town.

Inthe British made a third o to defeat the Cherokee. General Grant led an army of 2, men, including Catawba scouts. The Cherokee fought at Etchoe Pass but failed to stop Grant's army. The British burned the Cherokee Middle Towns and fields of crops. In Septembera number of Cherokee chiefs led by Attakullakulla petitioned for peace.